在text中添加button

from Tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def printMe():

    print 'I\'m in text'

t = Text(root)

for i in range(10)

    t.insert(1.0,'01234567890\n')

b = Button(t, text = 'click me', command = printMe)

t.window_create('2.0', window = b)

t.pack()

root.mainloop()

lambda ,in my option,use it like inline functions in c++.

maybe this is more simple.

for it creats functions dynamic.

like:

f1 = lambda x,y : x ** y

print f1(5,2)

so simple,and also very powerful!

import sys

if len(sys.argv) < 2:

    print u'input the argument like -h -r -s'

for i in sys.argv[1:]:

    if i == '-h':

        showHelp()

    elif i == '-s':

        startService()

    else:

        showError()

shelve use dictionary for its persistent storage

import shelve

dbhandler = shelve.open('DATABASE')

Flat database:

like common text or binary file

Persistent Storage in Relational Database

Persistent Storage with object

import pickle

f = open('hello.txt', 'w')

value = {1:'hello', 2:'NoAngels'}

pickle.dump(value, f)

#####Read the object#####

f = open('hello.txt', 'r')

pickle.load(f)

Class person:

    name = 'NoAngels'

    def __init__(self):

        self.name = person.name

First name is class attribute,and second is instance attribute.With class attribute ,we can access like classname.classattributename,while access to instance attribute ,we would use this:self.instanceattribute

isinstance() and issubclass() always exists for they are in __builin__ module

isinstance(instancename,classname)

issubclass(classA,classB)

Maybe some magic for overload:

class test:

    def __init__(self,x,y):

        self.x = x

        self.y = y

    def __add__(self,other):

        return (self.x + other.x,self.y + other.y)

#test file

obj = test(10,20)

obj2 = test(20,30)

print obj + obj2

#this will print (30,50)

try/except try/finally

try:

    pass

except [IndexError,IOError,ZeroDivisionError] :

    pass

[else:

    pass]

The part of else only execute when no exceptions raise!

ImportError

You can write like this:

try:

print a['noSuchKey']

except KeyError:

print 'no such key'

or just write like this

print a.get('noSuchKey',None)

OS如何改变tuple,有点不可思议,其实说到底还是没有改变tuple,只是用了一种替代得方法而已.

a = (1,2,3,4)

现在要添加一个元素,在2和3之间,

a = a[0],a[1],2.5,a[2],a[3]

So easy.haha!

infiles = ['test.py','test2.py','test3.py','test4.py','test5.py']

outfile = open('out', 'w')

for infile in infiles:

    fp = open(infile, 'r')

    outfile.write(fp.read())

    fp.close

outfile.close

#成功合并文件

兩個都是可變參數.

*args返回一個無名參數的tuple

**kwargs返回帶關鍵字的dict

如:

def foo(*args,**kwargs):

    print *args

    print **kwargs

foo(1,2,3,4,name='NoAngels',job='manager')

這個將產生一下輸出

(1,2,3,4)

{'name':'NoAngels','job':'manager'}

個人認為用來創建字典是不錯的選擇.呵呵

def foo(**kwargs):

return kwargs

 

foo(name='NoAngels',job='manager')

--->{'name':'NoAngels','job':'manager'}

def gcd(x,y):

    r = x % y

    if r > 0 :

        x, y, r = y, r, y % r

    return y

#下面是遞歸方式算法

def gcd2(x,y):

    r = x % y

    if r != 0 :

        gcd2(y,r)

    else:

        return y

Python中字符串编码分为处理编码和传输编码.

处理编码是一种内部编码即unicode,需要先将字符串转为内部处理编码,然后再转换为传输编码.

如:

a="中国"

a.decode('gbk').encode('utf-8')

or

unicode(a,'gbk').encode('utf-8')